Carbon 14 dating of bone is one of the most difficult tasks for carbon dating and requires the most care of any carbonaceous material. This is mainly due to the nature of bone which is a very porous material. Certain parts of bone look like a sponge under microscopic examination.    Many dinosaur bones are hard as rock because the original material has been replaced with silicon materials such as quartz. We have found un-mineralized dinosaur bones. We can then scrape the outer surface off to get rid of surface contamination and date the inner remaining material. Depending on other factors one can choose to date just the purified bioapatite, total organics or collagen. One can also date all three components as was done by us (see chart below).

The discovery of collagen in a Tyrannosaurus-Rex dinosaur femur bone was recently reported in the journal SCIENCE. This is an outstanding find because collagen being a soft tissue present in most animals is supposed to decay in a few thousand years. Collagen is the main protein found in connective tissue of animals. It can make up as much as 1 to 6 percent of muscle mass. Recently Triceratops and Hadrosaur femur bones in excellent condition were discovered in Glendive Montana and our group received permission to saw them in half and collect samples for Carbon 14 testing. Both bones were tested by a licensed lab for presence of collagen. Both bones did in fact contain some collagen! The best process ( Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ) was used. Total organic carbon and dinosaur bio-apatite was then extracted and pretreated to remove potential contaminants and concordant radiocarbon dates were obtained, all of which were similar to radiocarbon dates for ice age megafauna such as Siberian mammoths, saber tooth tigers of the Los Angeles LaBrea Tarpits, sloth dung and giant bison. We generally go with AMS dating because of its inherent superior accuracy but use the conventional method when large samples are available to completely rule out contamination. This is recommended by the professional carbon dating laboratory specialists.

The following should be noted. Our group has radiocarbon dated mammoth and mastodon bones in the range of 23,560 to 36,000 years BP, and none of them contained any collagen. Yet some dinosaur bones contain collagen. We believe the absence of collagen depends on burial environment. Bones buried in sand with water generally have only bio-apatite remaining which is still datable. Dry or cold environments and or regions of individual bones free of cracks and bones buried in clay stand a better chance of containing collagen.

Dr. Libby the discoverer of Radiocarbon dating and Nobel Prize winner showed that purified collagen could not give erroneous ages. Dr Stafford's research demonstrated in 1990 that conventional methods of purifying collagen were within 5% of the most excruciatingly exact extraction techniques. It is not possible to claim that the laboratories made mistakes in their analysis and that there really was no collagen. General scientific thought says dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. We have evidence to the contrary from several sources. Radiocarbon dating of dinosaur bones, accounts from ancient histories, depictions on rocks, mozaics, and temple walls; and human footprints with dinosaurs strongly show that dinosaurs were around in historical times. More on these subjects are included in our other web pages. Dinosaur bones from Texas to Alaska have been tested by our group for the presence of Carbon 14 and the following table shows some of the results of our findings over the years.

AMS: is the Accelerated Mass Spectrometer method of counting each atom. $550/sample
C: Conventional C-14 decay method, generally less accurate than AMS. $350/sample
CL: long count conventional C-14 dating $400/sample. (additional each sample.)
± means plus or minus in years which suggests a range of ages.
Bio-apatite: Calcium carbonate which has replaced phosphate of bone during life-time.
Charred bone is description of lab personnel because of blackened bone surfaces.
Modified Longin Method: The normal purification method for bone collagen.
Collagen: Protein which can be as high as 20 % in normal bone but decomposes over time so that there should be none after ~100,000 years.  Yet it is found in four foot long, nine inch diameter dinosaur femur bones supposedly claimed as fact to be >65 Million years old.

Table 1. Results of testing for C-14 in dinosaur bones from Texas to Alaska

ACRO(ACROCANTHOSAURUS) is a carnivorous dinosaur excavated in 1984 near Glen Rose TX by C. Baugh and G. Detwiler; in 108 MA Cretaceous sandstone – identified by Dr. W. Langston of Un. of TX at Austin.


ALLOSAURUS is a carnivorous dinosaur excavated in 1989 by J. Hall, A Murray team and under a Brontosaurus skeleton in the Wildwood section on a ranch west of Grand Junction CO in 150 Ma Late Jurassic sandstone of the Morrison formation - identified by using Allosaurus bone handbook submitted by local museum curator.


HADROSAUR #1, a duck billed dinosaur bone fragments excavated in 1994 along Colville River by G. Detwiler, J. Whitmore team in the famous Liscomb, bone bed of Alaskan North Slope – validated by Dr. J. Whitmore.


HADROSAUR #2, a duck billed dinosaur lone femur bone excavated in 2004 in clay in the NW ¼, NE ¼ of Sec. 32, T16N, R56 E, Dawson County, Montana by O. Kline team of the Glendive Dinosaur and Fossil Museum – identified by paleontology descriptions and sawed open by O. Kline, H. Miller team in 2005 to retrieve samples for testing for C-14 content.


TRICERATOPS #1, a ceratopsid dinosaur lone femur bone excavated in 2004 in Cretaceous clay at 47º 6’ 18” by 104º 39’ 22” Montana by O. Kline team of the Glendive MT Dinosaur & Fossil Museum – identified by paleontology descriptions and sawed open by O. Kline, H. Miller team in 2005 to retrieve samples for testing for C-14 content.


TRICERATOPS #2, a very large ceratopsid-type dinosaur excavated in 2007 in Cretaceous clay at is 47' 02" 44N and 104' 32" 49W by O. Kline team of Glendive Dinosaur & Fossil Museum – identified by paleontology descriptions but may be a new species; outer bone fragments of femur tested for C-14.


HADROSAUR #3, scrapings from a duck billed dinosaur large bone, excavated by Joe Taylor of Mt Blanco Fossil Museum, Crosbyton TX in Colorado in Cretaceous strata – identified by Joe Taylor. Apatosaur, scrapings from a rib still imbedded in the clay soil of a ranch in CO, partially excavated in 2007 and 2009 in 150 Ma late Jurassic strata by C. Baugh and B. Dunkel - identified by C. Baugh.

(b)

LAB ID: All specimens from USA unless otherwise noted.
GX is Geochron Labs Cambrdge MA, USA; AA is University of Arizona Tuscon AZ, USA; UG is University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA; KIA is Christian Albrechts Universität, Kiel Germany; AMS is Accelerated Mass Spectrometer; Beta is the conventional method of counting Beta decay particles; Bio is carbonate fraction of bioapatite. Bow is bulk organic fraction of whole bone; Col is collagen fraction; w or ext is charred, exterior or whole bone fragments; Hum is humic acids.
(c)


Weight of samples: Sample size sent to RC lab, ˜ 170 g as required by Geochron in 1990 for GX-15155, conventional beta
Sample size sent to RC lab, excess CO2 from GX-15155 encapsulated in glass and sent to NZ lab, AMS
Sample size sent to RC lab, ˜ 50 mg as scrapings from different Acro bone for AA-5786, AMS
Sample size sent to RC lab, 6.4 g from femur for UGAMS-7509a & b, AMS
Sample size sent to RC lab, ˜ 30 g for UGAMS-02947, AMS
Sample size sent to RC lab, ˜ 5 g for KIA-5523, AMS
Sample size sent to RC lab, 8.4 g for GX-32372-Internal bone material, AMS
Sample size sent to RC lab, 146 g for GX-32647-Outer bone material, conventional beta
Sample size sent to RC lab, 2.3 g for GX-31950-Internal bone material, AMS
Sample size sent to RC lab, 160 g for GX-32678-AMS & GX-32739-Outer bone, Conventional beta


(d)

CONTAM is Contaminant in collagen fraction; it could be humic acids or an unknown but it was removed by acid - base - acid pretreatment and was only 1.3% of collagen sample in UGAMS-01918. In GX-31950 the contaminant overwhelmed the collagen as the sample was too small which is a good reason for extracting and dating other fractions and submitting large samples. This femur bone was found along a dry wash.

FIGURE 1. Tail bone sections of a Psittacosaurus from Gobi desert, China.
It was submitted by Mt Blanco Fossil Museum, Crosbyton TX for C-14 dating. One of the two sections was pretreated several times with organic solvents to remove glue and preservatives and then AMS C-14 dated yielding an age of 22,020 ± 50 years BP. More chronology C-14 research has been proposed for Chinese dinosaurs to main Stream scientists but they have ignored our suggestions for such joint projects.

FIGURE 2. Flow chart for processing dinosaur bone samples using the AMS technology. The amount of bone for crushing could vary from lab to lab and sample to sample. Bones for the conventional or Beta method would be processed similarly but with much larger many gram samples that counts only the atomic disintegrations thus giving with much less ± precision.

(1) “Charcoal” in Cretaceous clay (Carbonized), TX, USA A-4856-Beta, 09/28/1987. 37,480 +2950/- 2140, and 37,420 +8120/-3430, 0/14/1990; “--clay as young as 5000 and up to 50,000 years,” says a clay expert (Devilbiss, J. Private communication, 1987), Hugh Miller and Dr. John DeVilbiss collectors
(2) Carbonized wood in Cretaceous limestone-Paluxy River TX, GX-31367-AMS, >49,900, 02/02/2006; Calcite in the rock could have “aged” the wood extracted from limestone above the clay, H. Miller
(3) Coalified wood attached to petrified wood-CO, GX-31730-AMS, 44,200 ±2100, 06/01/2005; the bark apparently resisted mineralization but not coalification , pmC = 0.41; Bill White and Joe Guthrie.
(4) Unfossilized wood, 36 m depth in a core, N. Slope-AK, GX-30816-AMS, 43,380 ± 380, 03/26/2004; This wood was removed from a 0.6 meter diameter log and was cut off manually by the geologist. He had inspected the 6 meter diameter core hole to be used for dumping oil drilling waste and was at the bottom after confirming the uniformity of temperature was at -5oC when he viewed the log.
(5) Wood from mammoth burial site, Fairbanks, AK, GX-30817-AMS, 2510 ± 50, 03/26/2004; The date could be too young for a mammoth burial site so more RC research is needed, Joe Taylor, submitter.
(6) Collagen from mammoth ivory, TX, GX31138-AMS, 4960 ± 70, 10/12/2004; the purpose was to learn how much collagen could be obtained from ancient ivory (0.2 mg is poorly preserved and therefore considered not a valid RC age), Joe Taylor submitter.
(7) Ellef Ringnes Island mummified wood GX30932-AMS, >45,70014C years BP, 08/03/04 Canada Dr. charles Felix of Abilene Christian College, collector.
(8) Ellef Ringnes Island mummified wood KIA-14899-AMS, 52,820 + 3680/-2510; the pmC was only 0.14 ± 0.05, about the same as some diamonds and coal. 10/10/2001; humic acid fraction 17,580 ± 90 BP, corrected pmC 11.21 ± 0.12, Canada, Prof. Dr. Charles Felix, TX oil geologist, collector.
(9) Mammoth-TX, CO3 of bioapatite, UGAMS-02684-AMS, 37,700 ± 210 years BP, pmC 1.08 ± 0.03, 01/22/2008; no collagen so only carbonate fraction of bioapatite was dated, Joe Taylor, collector.
(10) Mastodon-TX, CO3 of bioapatite, UGAMS-02766-AMS, 23,360 ± 100 years BP, pmC 5.11 ± 0.07, 02/25/2008; no collagen so only carbonate fraction of bioapatie was dated, Joe Taylor, collector.
(11) Lignite lens-MT, Cretaceous, UGAMS-02442-AMS, 12.78 % carbon, 42,560 ± 340, pmC 0.52 ± 0.02, 12/17/2007. The lignite sample was 200 feet above wood from the fern tree #11, Otis Kline
(12) Fern tree wood, in Cretaceous clay, Glendive MT, GX-32371-AMS, 45,190 + 9300/-4200, 03/16/2006. This sample was taken 200 feet below the location of the lignite of (10) on the Dinosaur and Fossil Museum research station containing many fossils, Hugh Miller & Bill White collectors
(13) Soil surrounding Triceratops femur #1, UGAMS-02442-AMS, 19,820 ± 80, pmC 8.49 ±0.08, 12/17/2007. The RC date was older than expected and demonstrates the original soil in which the Triceratops was buried had not become appreciably contaminated with younger material; this adds more confidence for the RC age of the dinosaur bones being free of contamination and not being millions of years in age, Otis Kline collector. (14) Amber from Wyoming Triceratops burial site strata in Lance formation, Saxony and Russia at > 46,450, 49,210 and 51,900 years BP; pmC’s 0.15, 0.08, 0.04; d13C -24.06, `22.11, -21.88; KIA 2963, 2961, 2962, respectively 10/31/97, H. Miller collector (WY), Maciej Giertych.

A typical reaction to our dating of dinosaur bones is exemplified by the following article submitted to the Columbus Dispatch in November of 1991.

Columbus Dispatch, The (OH) November 3, 1991 CREATIONISTS SAY DINOSAURS LIVED WITH MAN Author: Michael B. Lafferty, Dispatch Science Reporter
A Columbus creation science group says Soviet tests confirm dinosaurs and humans were contemporaries as recently as 10,000 years ago, some 66 million years after dinosaurs were supposedly eliminated in a mass extinction.

Soviet scientists Dmitri Kouznetsov and Andrey Ivanov said the tests showed samples of dinosaur bones were 9,800 to 30,000 years old. Ivanov, a researcher at Moscow State University, used a technique called laser mass spectroscopy, which measures small quantities of chemicals, to analyze samples of the bones.

"This method is far from ideal. We're not sure of the absolute age. But we are sure of the coexistence of Asian man and dinosaurs," said Kouznetsov, a biochemist and a supporter of the concept of creationism.

Creation science holds that the literal, biblical account of creation can be scientifically verified and that humans did not evolve, or change gradually, from simpler, more primitive organisms over 4.5 billion years.

A leading critic of creationist theory called the reported findings "ludicrous" and said the creationists used testing methods inappropriate for fossils.

"Either we're going to live in the same world or go for any piece of bunk," said Leonard Krishtalka, curator of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh. "No matter what date they claim, the dinosaurs died out 66 million years ago."

Investigators at the University of Arizona, who tested some of the samples at the request of local creationists, said their results do not represent the true age of the fossils.

Creationists, however, are elated with the Soviets' findings as well as the Arizona data which, they say, confirms their beliefs. They are undeterred by the skepticism.

"We have knocked 100 million years off the age of the dinosaurs," said Hugh Miller, leader of the Creation Research Education Science Foundation, which arranged the testing and a visit to Columbus for the Soviet scientists last week.

The Soviets used bone fragments of a dozen dinosaurs obtained from finds in Texas and Colorado and from the collection at the Carnegie Museum, Miller said.

The data is one more attack by believers of creationist theory on the theory of evolution, which has provided the fundamental underpinnings of modern biology. Mainline scientists believe dinosaurs evolved about 200 million years ago before dying in a mass extinction about 65 million or 66 million years ago.

A cataclysm fits with a closely held belief of creationists - Noah's flood, which Miller believes occurred 10,000 to 30,000 years ago.

Miller, a former chemist and chemical equipment salesman who says he earns his living as a chemical consultant, contacted Kouznetsov in 1989 after reading a biochemistry article he wrote. Kouznetsov put Miller in contact with Ivanov.

"There is censorship in the American scientific community resenting any attempt to rock the boat," Miller said. "We expect other scientists to check us out."

Two of the specimens were obtained from bones of an acrocanthosaurus recovered by creationist researchers near Glen Rose, Texas, and of an allosaurus from near Grand Junction, Colo.

Because many scientists are skeptical of creationist theory, Miller obtained some bone samples and the corroborative testing by disguising the nature of the creationist science group. He obtained a dozen samples from the Carnegie Museum in in 1990.

Miller said carbon-14 dating at the University of Arizona, conducted on specimens submitted between August 1990 and October 1991, agreed with the Soviet testing.

The group also arranged the Arizona testing by not revealing its origins. Austin Long, professor of geosciences at the university, confirmed the tests were performed in his lab but said he was not aware the material was dinosaur bones.

Robert Kalin, senior research specialist in Long's lab, said Miller's samples did not contain any collagen, the fibrous connective tissue of bones and the source of carbon in old bones, but he dated the samples anyway. Kalin believes the carbon-14 test results show the age of dust and other debris on the fossils but not the age of the fossils.

If carbon was found in the fossils, Krishtalka said, it most likely came from dust, dirt and the shellac preservative with which the specimens were likely preserved when they were acquired by the museum in the 19th century.

"Carbon dating dinosaur bones is ludicrous, and the fact they yielded numbers is meaningless," Krishtalka said. While paleontologists use several methods in dating, part of the disparity rests in the need for researchers to make some assumptions about the gross age of bones so the appropriate test method can be used. Carbon-14 dating and mass spectroscopy dating are best for specimens up to 50,000 years or so, Long said.

If a scientist believes the bones are millions of years older, then the usual procedure is to date the age of the surrounding rock strata using potassium argon dating, uranium dating or strontium dating, all of which measure the amount of decay of those elements.

The creationist claim also attacks a fundamental tenet of geology, that older rock strata are overlaid by younger, more recent strata.

Miller also attacked that bedrock law of geology. He said it is possible for younger sediment to occur at lower levels than older sediment. This phenomenon, Miller believes, could account for the recovery of a human foot imprint in sediment below that containing dinosaur bones at the Glen Rose site worked by organization members.

But Krishtalka at the Carnegie Museum said the only way for older rocks to overlay younger rocks is for the sediments to be overturned as a result of mountain building or some similar process.

"That's like asking how I could lie down on the bed and have the mattress end up on top of me," he said. Krishtalka also said the Glen Rose footprint was proved to be a hoax. "Even the creationists, at least the more reputable ones, admit that."

Miller reacted angrily. "I deny that vehemently. He's relying on past information and misinformation. All the work from 1982 on has been done with dozens of witnesses." "If dinosaurs were alive 10,000 years ago," Krishtalka said, "then they should occur in the same sediment as mastodons and mammoths. We should find saber-toothed cats. They should be in the same rocks as humans."

The gulf separating the two camps is immense. "Let them go to their museum basements and scrape the bones and send them out for testing," Miller said in answer to the criticism.

THE COLUMBUS DISPATCH Copyright (c) 1991 The Dispatch Printing Co.
Record Number: 9111030053
Page: 01BNovember 3, 1991
CREATIONISTS SAY DINOSAURS LIVED WITH MAN
Author: Michael B. Lafferty, Dispatch Science Reporter

1 – Creation science is a belief system just as is Evolutionary Science. As scientists we believe that a supreme being created the universe and life. HOWEVER WE DO NOT BELIEVE THAT “THE LITERAL, BIBLICAL ACCOUNT OF CREATION CAN BE SCIENTIFICALLY VERIFIED” as suggested in the Dispatch. Neither camp can prove how we got here; we can only believe one way or the other and perhaps show which belief system is more reasonable in light of scientific data. What our dating shows is simply that the long ages for the sedimentary rock strata and dinosaur existence is pure mythology; and, implies that all life forms appeared suddenly. If dinosaurs and humans coexisted in time as both Russian and American data demonstrates then the theory of biological evolution in untenable and should not be taught as a fact or even as a good theory.

2 – The testing methods used by the University of Arizona and the other labs is radiocarbon dating – one of the most reliable and respected dating methods known to man; it is far superior to the other radiometric dating methods such as Uranium-lead and potassium argon which are subject to far more assumptions and solubility problems in the sedimentary rock strata. Our team suggests to the scientific community and the public in general that it makes much better sense to DATE THE FOSSILS IN THE ROCKS IF AT ALL POSSIBLE THAN TO USE UNRELIABLE LONG-AGE RADIOMETRIC TECHNIQUES. We think the general public and level headed scientists would agree to our approach to dating fossils using radiocarbon-14. We think that the museum curator shows a mean-spirited attitude towards one’s fellow scientists in light of the fact that all the fossil dinosaur bones we dated were carbonized.

3 – We think that it is very unscientific to call the research of other scientists “bunk” until one can repeat the experimental work himself. All the curator of the Carnegie Museum needs to do is to send some bone fragments out for dating at a radiocarbon dating laboratory as we did. The chemical treatments that the bone fragments go through before dating preclude any dust, dirt and preservative contamination (that’s why we paid $300 to $500/ sample). We would like to test some more bone fragments ourselves. Would Leonard Krishtalka care to provide us with more??? We would send them to different labs to provide more credibility. Scrapings can also be used.

4 – The curator’s remark that “no matter what date they claim, the dinosaurs died out 66 million years ago” is tantamount to the scientific community of Galileo’s time saying, “No matter that Galileo has proven that the earth rotates around the sun, the sun still moves around the earth.”

5 – When I was quoted as saying, “Noah’s flood, which Miller believes occurred 10,000 to 30,000 years ago” should have read, 10,000 to 30,000 radiocarbon years ago. This is an important distinction which the reporter failed to record. There is ample evidence, even from Dr. Libby’s writings, (Nobel Prize winner and inventor of C-14 dating) that radiocarbon (RC) dates could be way-to-old (when in the 20,000 to 30,000 RC year range); this is open to interpretations but one thing is definitely clear, “Our paleochronology group dated both carbonized wood and carbonized dinosaur bones from the period of geological history called the Cretaceous and Jurassic which is in the range of 100 million to 150 million years ago by evolutionary assumptions. Therefore, both rock and bone were 1000 x younger than evolutionary geological assumptions. According to Dr. Libby [discoverer of C-14 technology and Nobel Prize winner in physics] both bone and wood whether burnt or carbonized are the most reliable substances for RC dating.

6 – “Disguising the nature” of our group implies we were some undesirable persons trying to sneak some bones away from the museum to do some diabolical trick. We told Dr. Berman (in writing) exactly what our purpose was, namely to see if we could detect some carbon on the surface of the blackened bones in the museum basement; we gave Dr. Berman a written report dated 4-26-90 describing our results and the chemical cleaning procedure used to ensure accurate results. We were testing the hypothesis that all blackened dinosaur ones were coated with carbon and if so we theorized tht they may have been killed during a major catastrophe possibly initiated by asteroid impaction in water and on the land masses. The dinosaurs would then have been buried with their flesh intact under mountains of sediment that caused much carbonization to take place on the bone surfaces. As a result of our initial test he [Dr. Berman] gave us bone fragments from eight more dinosaurs. Only after we were satisfied that our hypothesis had much merit did we send several bones away for dating. Incidentally, and most interesting, DINOSAUR BONES FROM RUSSIA, SIBERIA AND ARGENTINA ALSO SHOW EVIDENCE OF BLACKENED DINOSAUR BONES. Could there have been one or more major world-wide catastrophes that hit the earth only thousands of years ago? Our dating suggests YES. We only ask that others double check our results. IF CORRECT THEN THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD SHOULD INITIATE AN EXTENSIVE MONITORING OF ASTEROIDS. THE EARTH MAY BE IN FAR MORE DANGER THAN ANYONE HAS EVER IMAGINED.

7 – We did not reveal the origins of the bones [to RC dating labs] because we were not asked to do so. We think that is an excellent policy and the University of Arizona should be complimented. We hope to continue to use their good services just as soon as we can raise more funds which, by-the-way,is very difficult to do. Another good reason for not revealing the bone origins was the fact that when another member of our team told one lab that it was dinosaur bone he refused to date it [too old] thus holding up our team effort for his dinosaur for four more years.

8 – We agree with Bob Kalin that the bones did not contain any collagen; we suspect the reason for this is that when buried under tons of sediments the carbonization process eliminated the collagen but of course not the radiocarbon-14 isotope which would have remained on the carbonized surfaces etc. Scientists have found some organic compounds in the bones of the largest dinosaur in the world, the Seismosaurus, however.

9 – This is only a bedrock of geology because evolutionary geologists ignored studies in 1895 that showed that geologists can not determine the age of the rock strata by its position in the geologic column; all you can really say is that the sedimentary rock was laid down as a function of particle size and the density of the material [in moving waters]. Recent research in both France and the United States has confirmed the 1895 observations. I did not say that this phenomenon accounts for human footprints in a layer under a top stratum containing dinosaur footprints. What exist in Texas along the Paluxy River are human footprints in the same second stratum with dinosaur footprints. The top stratum in the 300 foot long shelf where the excavations have been occurring, contains one set of dinosaur footprints (five in sequence no human prints). These are the facts not mere conjecture.

10 – See above.

11 – There have been footprints of the cat family with dinosaur along the Paluxy river, TX as well as some other possible anomalies. There also have been horse footprints found in Russia and Arizona in dinosaur age rocks. Modern evolutionary scientists have been mystified by such discoveries and simply ignore them or put them in their basement “closet” until they can offer a better explanation that will fit the evolutionary theory. ONE OF THE MAJOR REPORTS WHICH THEY SUCCESSFULLY PIGEONHOLED WAS THE OAKLAND MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY REPORT SHOWING THAT DINOSAUR AND HUMANS HAVE COEXISTED TOGEHER BASED ON DISCOVERIES OF PETROGLYPTHS ETC. THIS IS AN INTOLERABLE WAY TO CONDUCT SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS INTO ORIGINS.

(See www.kolbecenter.org or www.earthage.org for the Oakland Museum report.
NOTE: Words in parenthesis were added for clarity in this rebuttal and are numbered based upon key points found in the Dispatch article).

Hugh R. Miller B.S. chemistry Columbus OH

Now fast forward to 2011. Has any scientist believing in the evolutionary hypothesis actually RC dated dinosaur bones during the intervening 20 years since 1991? Absolutely not! As noted in our web site the new lab where we have sent bones of dinosaurs and mammals have extracted collagen and dated both the collagen and the calcium carbonate fractions and obtained concordant RC ages which confirmed our data from 1990. We then urged American and Chinese paleontologists to RC date their dinosaur bones as we did in 1990 so here is those results.

Dr. Mary Schweitzer in her article in Scientific American entitled, “Blood from Stone,” December 2010 says: “EXTRAORDINARY CLAIMS, as the old adage goes, require “EXTRAORDINARY evidence. Careful scientists make every effort to disprove cherished hypotheses before they accept that their ideas are correct. Thus, for the past 20 years I have been trying every experiment I can think of to disprove the hypothesis that the materials my collaborators and I have discovered are components of soft tissues from dinosaurs and other long-gone animals.” Why did she perform these extraordinary experiments? Answer: To show that soft tissue and collagen could last 65 million or more years in their original structure than the current hypothesis of 100,000 years maximum. She ignored suggestions from fellow scientists that her tests were incomplete until she tested for C-14 content of these bones. Specifically, the Glendive Dinosaur and Fossil Museum director challenged her in a letter to do just that as his museum had done; she ignored his official letter request. Another expert on C-14 dating also challenged her by e-mail to which she replied, “Not now.”

That above adage “Extraordinary claims ----- “was attributed to another evolutionist, Carl Sagen, in an article by Dr. John Barnard president of the research institute at nationwide children’s Hospital in Columbus OH, January 23, 2011 page C3 RE “Sham study - a blight on autism research” where millions of dollars have been wasted on trying to determine if the original research could be validated concerning the effect of Vaccines causing autism among children. Whether valid criticism or not the new studies claim that the original study was fraudulent [no proper control group; important observations not made in a blinded fashion --- no link has been found between the vaccine and autism].

Mary, Mary quite contrary has done a marvelous job of applying her molecular biological knowledge to the study of dinosaur bones. She has indeed proven that such organic chemicals have indeed survived in some dinosaur bones. BUT until she tests for the presence of C-14 in these organic chemicals such as for collagen her research showing that such chemicals can last 65 million years or more is as much a sham as that of the report on connecting vaccines to autism. She has missed C-14 testing, the simplest, relatively inexpensive and most obvious experiment that would explain why there was soft tissue, red blood cells and collagen remaining in these various dinosaur bones – namely that the conventional hypothesis that soft tissue and large organic molecules degrade within 30,000 to 100,000 years.

Why then didn’t she test for C-14 content? If she had found NO C-14 then her case becomes much stronger. What is she and other believers in evolutionism who we have challenged afraid of? The apparent reasons are: (1) If she had found C-14 then she would be the one to blow the whistle on the evolution of man (2) But if she found C-14 as might be expected she could lose her status and for that matter her job even if she found a publication that would report it.

Is Mary Schweitzer alone in ignoring such a simple and relatively inexpensive testing of fossils for C-14? No, not at all! She is just one among many scientists who must cow-toe to the evolutionary hypothesis of origins to keep their funding and job alive. Evolutionism is a multi-billion dollar year business. She as with other evolutionists, whether atheistic or theistic have been distracted from searching for truth in science by allegiance to EVOLUTIONISM – that’s the religion that requires its adherents to believe that evolution was responsible for the changes from one species to another rather than “Abrupt Appearance” of all species.

Below is a list of other extraordinary discoveries that are crying to heaven for C-14 testing.